Legal Protection and Substantive Justice under Indonesia’s TPKS Law
Keywords:
Sexual Harassment, Legal Protection, Substantive Justice, TPKS Law, Victim RightsAbstract
This study examines the implementation of Law No. 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes (TPKS Law) in strengthening legal protection and achieving substantive justice for victims of sexual harassment in Indonesia. Using a normative legal method with statutory, conceptual, and case approaches, the research analyzes reforms in substantive and procedural criminal law. The findings reveal that the TPKS Law expands the scope of sexual harassment offenses, introduces a more flexible evidentiary standard centered on victim testimony, and institutionalizes restitution as a mandatory right supported by the Victim Trust Fund. These reforms signify a shift toward a victim-centered and restorative justice paradigm. However, their effectiveness remains constrained by legal harmonization issues, limited institutional capacity, and persistent socio-cultural barriers, including power imbalances and victim-blaming. Strengthening regulatory frameworks, inter-agency coordination, and law enforcement capacity is essential to ensure the realization of substantive justice and comprehensive victim protection.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji implementasi Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual (UU TPKS) dalam memperkuat perlindungan hukum dan mewujudkan keadilan substantif bagi korban pelecehan seksual di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa UU TPKS memperluas cakupan delik pelecehan seksual, menghadirkan standar pembuktian yang lebih fleksibel berbasis keterangan korban, serta melembagakan hak restitusi yang bersifat wajib melalui Dana Bantuan Korban. Reformasi ini mencerminkan pergeseran menuju paradigma keadilan restoratif yang berorientasi pada korban. Namun, efektivitasnya masih terhambat oleh disharmonisasi regulasi, keterbatasan kapasitas kelembagaan, serta hambatan sosial-budaya seperti ketimpangan relasi kuasa dan stigma terhadap korban. Penguatan regulasi, koordinasi antar lembaga, dan kapasitas aparat penegak hukum menjadi kunci dalam mewujudkan keadilan substantif dan perlindungan korban secara optimal.
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