Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah and Legal Reasoning: Comparing Digital Finance, Bioethics and Social Media
Keywords:
Maqāṣid Al-Sharīʿah, Contemporary Islamic Legal Reasoning, Digital Finance, Islamic Bioethics, Digital EthicsAbstract
The development of digital finance, medical technology, and online communication has generated contemporary legal issues that require contextual Islamic legal reasoning. This study aims to analyze the application of maqāṣid al-sharīʿah in istinbāṭ concerning digital finance, organ transplantation, genetic engineering, and social media ethics. It employs qualitative library research and content analysis of the Qur’an, hadith, fatwas, Islamic jurisprudential literature, and previous studies. The findings indicate that contemporary Islamic legal reasoning must connect the characteristics of each issue with scriptural evidence, legal reasoning methods, and the objectives of Islamic law. Digital finance concerns the protection of wealth, organ transplantation the protection of life, genetic engineering the protection of life and progeny, and digital ethics the protection of intellect and human dignity. This study contributes a comparative analytical framework that positions maqāṣid al-sharīʿah as a contextual orientation for legal reasoning rather than an automatic justification for emerging practices.
Abstrak
Perkembangan keuangan digital, teknologi medis, dan komunikasi daring menghadirkan persoalan hukum kontemporer yang memerlukan penalaran hukum Islam secara kontekstual. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penerapan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah dalam istinbāṭ hukum atas persoalan keuangan digital, transplantasi organ, rekayasa genetika, dan etika bermedia sosial. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan analisis isi terhadap Al-Qur’an, hadis, fatwa, literatur fikih, dan penelitian terdahulu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penalaran hukum kontemporer perlu menghubungkan karakteristik persoalan, dalil syariat, metode istinbāṭ, dan tujuan perlindungan syariat. Keuangan digital berkaitan dengan perlindungan harta, transplantasi organ dengan perlindungan jiwa, rekayasa genetika dengan perlindungan jiwa dan keturunan, sedangkan etika digital berkaitan dengan perlindungan akal dan martabat manusia. Penelitian ini berkontribusi melalui kerangka analisis komparatif yang menempatkan maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah sebagai orientasi penalaran hukum yang kontekstual, bukan pembenaran otomatis atas praktik baru.
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