The Legitimacy of Islamic Political Leadership in the Modern State: An Istinbāṭ-Based Reconstruction
Keywords:
Fiqh al-Siyāsah, Istinbāṭ, Political Legitimacy, Maqāṣid al-Sharī'ah, Contemporary GovernanceAbstract
This study aims to reconstruct the legitimacy of Islamic political leadership through the perspective of istinbāṭ by developing a conceptual framework that explains the relationship between normative sources, Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah, and contemporary governance. This study employed a qualitative normative approach using library research with conceptual analysis and content analysis of the Qur’an, the Hadith, classical Islamic literature, and contemporary scholarly works in uṣūl al-fiqh and fiqh al-siyāsah. The findings reveal that the legitimacy of political leadership is determined not by the institutional form of the state but by the process of istinbāṭ, which transforms Islamic normative principles into the foundation of just governance. The study further reconstructs a legitimacy framework integrating normative sources, istinbāṭ, Maqāṣid al-Sharī’ah, and the principles of good governance, demonstrating that constitutional democracy can function as an instrument consistent with the objectives of the Sharī’ah when it promotes justice, accountability, public participation, and public welfare.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi legitimasi kepemimpinan politik Islam melalui perspektif istinbath hukum dengan mengembangkan kerangka konseptual yang menjelaskan hubungan antara sumber normatif, Maqashid al-Syariah, dan tata kelola pemerintahan modern. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif-normatif melalui studi kepustakaan dengan analisis konseptual dan content analysis terhadap Al-Qur’an, Hadis, literatur klasik, serta karya-karya akademik kontemporer di bidang ushul fiqh dan fiqh siyasah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa legitimasi kepemimpinan politik tidak ditentukan oleh bentuk negara, melainkan oleh proses istinbath yang mentransformasikan prinsip-prinsip normatif Islam menjadi landasan penyelenggaraan pemerintahan yang berkeadilan. Penelitian ini juga merekonstruksi kerangka legitimasi yang mengintegrasikan sumber normatif, istinbath, Maqashid al-Syariah, dan prinsip good governance, sehingga menunjukkan bahwa demokrasi konstitusional dapat dipahami sebagai instrumen yang selaras dengan tujuan-tujuan syariat selama berorientasi pada keadilan, akuntabilitas, partisipasi, dan kemaslahatan publik.
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