Constructing In-Group and Out-Group Boundaries through Hate Speech: A Social Identity Analysis of Film Pengepungan di Bukit Duri
Keywords:
Hate Speech, Social Identity Theory, In-Group and Out-Group, Indonesian Cinema, Ethnic RepresentationAbstract
This study examines how hate speech constructs social identity in Joko Anwar’s Pengepungan di Bukit Duri. Drawing on Social Identity Theory, the research investigates how linguistic practices in film dialogue produce boundaries between in-groups and out-groups. Using a qualitative content analysis approach, data were collected from dialogues, character interactions, and scenes containing expressions of prejudice, discrimination, and ethnic hostility. The findings reveal nine recurring forms of hate speech, including racial labeling, identity-based insults, dehumanization, threat stereotyping, symbolic hatred, normalization of violence, collective hostility, moral conflict, and the collapse of rigid social categorization. These forms function not merely as expressions of prejudice but as mechanisms through which social boundaries are constructed, maintained, and legitimized. The study demonstrates that hate speech operates as a representational practice that reinforces ethnic polarization while simultaneously exposing the fragility of exclusionary group identities. The findings contribute to scholarship on hate speech, social identity, and contemporary Indonesian cinema.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana ujaran kebencian membentuk identitas sosial dalam film Pengepungan di Bukit Duri karya Joko Anwar. Dengan menggunakan Social Identity Theory, penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana praktik kebahasaan dalam dialog film menghasilkan batas antara kelompok in-group dan out-group. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode analisis isi terhadap dialog, interaksi tokoh, dan adegan yang memuat prasangka, diskriminasi, serta permusuhan etnis. Hasil penelitian menemukan sembilan bentuk ujaran kebencian yang berulang, meliputi pelabelan rasial, penghinaan berbasis identitas, dehumanisasi, stereotip ancaman, simbolisasi kebencian, normalisasi kekerasan, permusuhan kolektif, konflik moral, dan runtuhnya kategorisasi sosial yang kaku. Bentuk-bentuk tersebut tidak hanya merepresentasikan prasangka, tetapi juga berfungsi sebagai mekanisme pembentukan dan legitimasi batas sosial antarkelompok. Temuan ini memperlihatkan bahwa ujaran kebencian berperan penting dalam reproduksi polarisasi etnis sekaligus mengungkap rapuhnya identitas kelompok yang dibangun secara eksklusif.
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