Omni-Directional Engagement and Development Strategy: Indonesia in a Fragmented Global Order
(Keterlibatan Omnidireksional dan Strategi Pembangunan: Indonesia dalam Tatanan Global yang Terfragmentasi)
Keywords:
Indonesia, Omni-directional Engagement, Development Strategy, Nickel Downstreaming, GeopoliticsAbstract
Indonesia’s development strategy in 2025 reflects the challenge of pursuing industrial transformation amid intensifying geopolitical rivalry and domestic constraints. This study examines three interconnected arenas—nickel downstreaming, ASEAN dynamics in the South China Sea, and the Nusantara capital project—using a qualitative case study approach based on document analysis and process tracing. It advances the concept of omni-directional engagement to explain how Indonesia engages multiple global actors to maximize economic opportunities while preserving strategic autonomy. The findings show that this strategy has generated short-term gains, particularly in resource-based industrialization and diversified partnerships. However, its sustainability is constrained by institutional fragmentation, environmental pressures, and fiscal limitations. The article argues that stronger governance capacity, policy coordination, and integration of environmental and social considerations are essential to transform short-term gains into long-term development outcomes.
Abstrak
Strategi pembangunan Indonesia pada tahun 2025 mencerminkan tantangan dalam mendorong transformasi industri di tengah rivalitas geopolitik yang meningkat dan keterbatasan domestik. Penelitian ini menganalisis tiga arena utama—hilirisasi nikel, dinamika ASEAN di Laut Cina Selatan, dan proyek Ibu Kota Nusantara—dengan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif berbasis analisis dokumen dan penelusuran proses. Studi ini mengembangkan konsep omni-directional engagement untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Indonesia berinteraksi dengan berbagai aktor global guna memaksimalkan peluang ekonomi sekaligus mempertahankan otonomi strategis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keuntungan jangka pendek, terutama dalam industrialisasi berbasis sumber daya dan diversifikasi kemitraan. Namun, keberlanjutannya dibatasi oleh fragmentasi kelembagaan, tekanan lingkungan, dan keterbatasan fiskal. Oleh karena itu, penguatan kapasitas tata kelola, koordinasi kebijakan, serta integrasi aspek lingkungan dan sosial menjadi kunci bagi keberhasilan jangka panjang.
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