UNIVERSA: International Journal of Socio-legal, Economics, Science and Educational Technology
UNIVERSA: International Journal of Socio-legal, Economics, Science and Educational Technology is a peer-reviewed academic journal dedicated to the advancement of scholarly studies. The journal aims to provide a global platform for researchers, scholars, and practitioners to explore and engage with both classical and contemporary discourses in multidisciplinary studies. Focus and Scope: The journal covers a wide range of topics, including Health, Law, Economy, Science, Technology, Engineering, Mathematics and more. Aims of the Journal: Researchers, lecturers, students, scholars, and intellectuals in the fields of multidisciplinary studies.
This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format for any purpose, even commercial purposes. Adaptation — mixing, changing, and developing materials for any purpose, even commercial ones. Under the following terms: Attribution — You must give appropriate credit , provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made . You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use. ShareAlike — If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same license as the original. No additional restrictions — You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits.
Consumer Behavior in the Digital Era: A Literature Review of Environmental Factors and Electronic Word-of-Mouth
The rapid advancement of digital technology has fundamentally transformed consumer purchasing behavior, shifting trust from traditional advertising toward digital communities and user-generated content. This study aims to analyze the influence of consumer environmental factors and Electronic Word-of-Mouth (E-WOM) on purchasing decisions in the digital era through a literature review approach. The study employs a qualitative descriptive method by synthesizing books, peer-reviewed journal articles, and industry reports published between 2016 and 2025. The analysis focuses on four consumer environmental dimensions, namely cultural, social, demographic, and economic factors, as well as the roles of family, reference groups, and E-WOM in shaping consumer behavior. The findings indicate that purchasing decisions are increasingly influenced by authenticity, digital social interaction, and value-oriented consumption. Community-based E-WOM emerges as the most trusted information source, followed by micro and nano influencers, while mega influencers primarily contribute to brand awareness. This study highlights the strategic importance of community-led marketing in strengthening consumer trust and supporting more effective digital marketing strategies. Abstrak Perkembangan pesat teknologi digital telah mengubah secara mendasar perilaku pembelian konsumen, sehingga kepercayaan bergeser dari iklan tradisional ke komunitas digital dan konten yang dibuat pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor lingkungan konsumen dan Electronic Word-of-Mouth (E-WOM) terhadap keputusan pembelian di era digital melalui pendekatan tinjauan pustaka. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan mensintesis buku, artikel jurnal yang telah ditelaah sejawat, dan laporan industri yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2016 dan 2025. Analisis ini berfokus pada empat dimensi lingkungan konsumen, yaitu faktor budaya, sosial, demografis, dan ekonomi, serta peran keluarga, kelompok rujukan, dan E-WOM dalam membentuk perilaku konsumen. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa keputusan pembelian semakin dipengaruhi oleh keaslian, interaksi sosial digital, dan konsumsi yang berorientasi pada nilai. E-WOM berbasis komunitas muncul sebagai sumber informasi yang paling dipercaya, diikuti oleh mikro dan nano influencer, sementara mega influencer terutama berkontribusi pada kesadaran merek. Penelitian ini menyoroti pentingnya strategis pemasaran yang dipimpin komunitas dalam memperkuat kepercayaan konsumen dan mendukung strategi pemasaran digital yang lebih efektif.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmada Wildani Mufalino, Muhammad Junaidi Trimansyah, Silvy Dewi Anggraini, Ulil Amri, Arfansyah Nur Latif, Putri Cahaya Kirana Ana Dinata, Zahra Maulidiyana, Nafisatul ‘Aliyyah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
State Intervention in Polygamy Law: Indonesia and Saudi Arabia in Comparative Perspective
This study examines state intervention in polygamy regulation in Indonesia and Saudi Arabia and its implications for women’s protection and individual freedom. Using a normative legal research design with statutory, conceptual, and comparative approaches, the study analyzes legal frameworks, scholarly literature, and Islamic legal principles governing polygamous marriage in both countries. The findings reveal two contrasting regulatory models. Indonesia adopts a preventive approach through judicial authorization and administrative requirements intended to protect women and children, whereas Saudi Arabia grants greater autonomy to individuals by relying primarily on religious obligations and post-facto legal remedies. These differences reflect distinct legal traditions, social contexts, and understandings of the state’s role in family law. From the perspective of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, both models seek to realize justice and public welfare, yet each presents different strengths and limitations. The study argues that an effective polygamy regulation framework should balance legal protection, individual autonomy, and the substantive objectives of Islamic law. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji intervensi negara dalam regulasi poligami di Indonesia dan Arab Saudi serta implikasinya terhadap perlindungan perempuan dan kebebasan individu. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan komparatif melalui analisis terhadap regulasi, literatur akademik, dan prinsip-prinsip hukum Islam yang mengatur praktik poligami di kedua negara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya dua model pengaturan yang berbeda. Indonesia menerapkan pendekatan preventif melalui izin pengadilan dan persyaratan administratif untuk melindungi perempuan dan anak, sedangkan Arab Saudi memberikan ruang yang lebih luas bagi otonomi individu dengan menitikberatkan pada kewajiban syariat dan mekanisme perlindungan setelah terjadinya perkawinan. Perbedaan tersebut mencerminkan variasi tradisi hukum, konteks sosial, dan pandangan mengenai peran negara dalam hukum keluarga. Dalam perspektif maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, kedua model sama-sama berorientasi pada keadilan dan kemaslahatan, namun memiliki kelebihan dan keterbatasan masing-masing. Oleh karena itu, regulasi poligami perlu menyeimbangkan perlindungan hukum, kebebasan individu, dan tujuan substantif hukum Islam.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ahmad Zafirul Karim, Muhammad Wildan, Muhammad Fahmi Al-Amruzi, Anwar Hafidzi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Justice as Myth: A Barthesian Reading of Keadilan (The Verdict) through Surah An-Nisa: 135
This study examines the representation of justice in Keadilan (The Verdict) through Roland Barthes’ semiotic framework, using QS. An-Nisa 4:135 as an ethical and interpretive anchor. Existing studies on Indonesian legal films have largely focused on narrative and social criticism, while limited attention has been given to the relationship between Qur’anic values and cinematic meaning-making. Employing a qualitative interpretive approach, this research analyzes key scenes through the levels of denotation, connotation, and myth. The findings reveal that the film positions QS. An-Nisa 4:135 as a moral reference for justice, yet simultaneously constructs ideological tensions through representations of legal inequality, vigilantism, and the marginalization of idealism. Three dominant myths emerge: law serves the powerful, vigilantism becomes an alternative form of justice, and idealism is sacrificed within corrupt systems. The study contributes to the intersection of Islamic media studies and film semiotics by demonstrating how Qur’anic ethics can function as a critical lens for examining ideological constructions in popular cinema. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji representasi keadilan dalam film Keadilan (The Verdict) melalui kerangka semiotika Roland Barthes dengan menjadikan QS. An-Nisa: 135 sebagai jangkar etis dan interpretatif. Kajian mengenai film hukum Indonesia umumnya berfokus pada narasi dan kritik sosial, sementara hubungan antara nilai-nilai Al-Qur’an dan konstruksi makna sinematik masih jarang diteliti. Dengan pendekatan kualitatif interpretatif, penelitian ini menganalisis sejumlah adegan kunci melalui tingkat denotasi, konotasi, dan mitos. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa film menempatkan QS. An-Nisa: 135 sebagai rujukan moral keadilan, namun secara bersamaan membangun ketegangan ideologis melalui representasi ketimpangan hukum, vigilantisme, dan marginalisasi idealisme. Terdapat tiga mitos dominan yang dihasilkan, yaitu hukum berpihak kepada yang berkuasa, vigilantisme sebagai alternatif keadilan, dan idealisme sebagai korban dalam sistem yang korup. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada kajian media Islam dan semiotika film dengan menunjukkan bagaimana etika Al-Qur’an dapat digunakan sebagai lensa kritis untuk membaca konstruksi ideologi dalam sinema populer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fatimah Azzahro, Balya Haikal Hizbullah Al-Kautsar, Mutma'inah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Bay’ah and Representative Legitimacy in Indonesia’s Constitutional Order
This study examines the substantive relationship between bay’ah in Islamic political thought and the system of indirect democracy formerly practiced in Indonesia through the authority of the People’s Consultative Assembly (MPR). Using a normative and comparative approach based on constitutional law and fiqh siyasah, the study analyzes the role of representative institutions in establishing political legitimacy. The findings show that both ahl al-hall wa al-’aqd in Islamic governance and the MPR in Indonesia functioned as representative bodies that conferred legitimacy upon political leaders through formal oath mechanisms. However, the study also identifies fundamental differences concerning sovereignty, constitutional hierarchy, and mechanisms of political accountability. While bay’ah is rooted in divine legitimacy and religious obligation, the MPR system was grounded in constitutional popular sovereignty. This study contributes to comparative constitutional discourse by demonstrating the conceptual intersection between Islamic political legitimacy and representative democratic governance in Indonesia. Abstrak Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan substantif antara konsep baiat dalam pemikiran politik Islam dan sistem demokrasi tidak langsung yang pernah diterapkan di Indonesia melalui kewenangan Majelis Permusyawaratan Rakyat (MPR). Dengan menggunakan pendekatan normatif dan komparatif berbasis hukum tata negara dan fiqh siyasah, penelitian ini menganalisis peran lembaga perwakilan dalam membentuk legitimasi politik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ahl al-hall wa al-’aqd dalam pemerintahan Islam maupun MPR di Indonesia sama-sama berfungsi sebagai lembaga representatif yang memberikan legitimasi kepada pemimpin politik melalui mekanisme sumpah formal. Namun demikian, terdapat perbedaan mendasar terkait sumber kedaulatan, hierarki ketatanegaraan, dan mekanisme akuntabilitas politik. Jika baiat berlandaskan legitimasi ilahiah dan kewajiban religius, sistem MPR bertumpu pada kedaulatan rakyat secara konstitusional. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada diskursus ketatanegaraan komparatif mengenai legitimasi politik Islam dan demokrasi representatif di Indonesia.
Copyright (c) 2026 M. Fikrar Saputra, Syamrianti, Kurniati (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cross-Scale Design of HPHT Cement Plugging for Fractured Deepwater Wells
Severe lost circulation in fractured deepwater formations under high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) conditions remains a major challenge in drilling operations, often causing substantial non-productive time and high remediation costs. This study proposes a cross-scale design framework integrating fracture-scale flow modelling, cement-matrix durability analysis, and multi-objective optimisation for HPHT cement plugging applications. Laboratory experiments were conducted using artificial fracture-cavity cores under conditions up to 210 °C and 130 MPa. A modified Brinkman–Forchheimer model was calibrated to evaluate slurry injectability, while cyclic loading tests assessed long-term sealing durability with nano-silica reinforcement. The integrated NSGA-II optimisation identified an optimal ultrafine cement–geopolymer ratio of 1:0.7 with 3 wt% nano-silica. Validation tests demonstrated improved plugging performance, achieving an 83% success rate and extending sealing life from 18 to 62 hours compared with conventional Class G cement. The framework provides a practical basis for improving HPHT lost circulation control and cement design reliability. Abstrak Lost circulation parah pada formasi deepwater berrekahan di kondisi high-pressure high-temperature (HPHT) masih menjadi tantangan utama dalam operasi pengeboran karena menyebabkan waktu non-produktif dan biaya remediasi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini mengembangkan kerangka desain lintas skala yang mengintegrasikan pemodelan aliran skala rekahan, analisis durabilitas matriks semen, dan optimasi multiobjektif untuk aplikasi penyumbatan semen HPHT. Eksperimen laboratorium dilakukan menggunakan inti rekahan-rongga buatan pada kondisi hingga 210 °C dan 130 MPa. Model Brinkman–Forchheimer termodifikasi digunakan untuk mengevaluasi injektabilitas slurry, sedangkan pengujian beban siklik menilai ketahanan penyegelan jangka panjang dengan penguatan nano-silika. Optimasi NSGA-II menghasilkan komposisi optimum rasio semen ultrafine–geopolimer 1:0,7 dengan 3 wt% nano-silika. Hasil validasi menunjukkan peningkatan kinerja plugging dengan tingkat keberhasilan 83% dan umur penyegelan meningkat dari 18 menjadi 62 jam dibandingkan semen Class G konvensional. Kerangka ini memberikan dasar praktis untuk meningkatkan pengendalian lost circulation HPHT dan keandalan desain semen.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nandar Septufian Piamba (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Omni-Directional Engagement and Development Strategy: Indonesia in a Fragmented Global Order
Indonesia’s development strategy in 2025 reflects the challenge of pursuing industrial transformation amid intensifying geopolitical rivalry and domestic constraints. This study examines three interconnected arenas—nickel downstreaming, ASEAN dynamics in the South China Sea, and the Nusantara capital project—using a qualitative case study approach based on document analysis and process tracing. It advances the concept of omni-directional engagement to explain how Indonesia engages multiple global actors to maximize economic opportunities while preserving strategic autonomy. The findings show that this strategy has generated short-term gains, particularly in resource-based industrialization and diversified partnerships. However, its sustainability is constrained by institutional fragmentation, environmental pressures, and fiscal limitations. The article argues that stronger governance capacity, policy coordination, and integration of environmental and social considerations are essential to transform short-term gains into long-term development outcomes. Abstrak Strategi pembangunan Indonesia pada tahun 2025 mencerminkan tantangan dalam mendorong transformasi industri di tengah rivalitas geopolitik yang meningkat dan keterbatasan domestik. Penelitian ini menganalisis tiga arena utama—hilirisasi nikel, dinamika ASEAN di Laut Cina Selatan, dan proyek Ibu Kota Nusantara—dengan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif berbasis analisis dokumen dan penelusuran proses. Studi ini mengembangkan konsep omni-directional engagement untuk menjelaskan bagaimana Indonesia berinteraksi dengan berbagai aktor global guna memaksimalkan peluang ekonomi sekaligus mempertahankan otonomi strategis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya keuntungan jangka pendek, terutama dalam industrialisasi berbasis sumber daya dan diversifikasi kemitraan. Namun, keberlanjutannya dibatasi oleh fragmentasi kelembagaan, tekanan lingkungan, dan keterbatasan fiskal. Oleh karena itu, penguatan kapasitas tata kelola, koordinasi kebijakan, serta integrasi aspek lingkungan dan sosial menjadi kunci bagi keberhasilan jangka panjang.
Copyright (c) 2026 Septianis Afipah, Diyah Pitaloka Rizki (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Middle-Power Development in a Fragmented World: Indonesia’s Development Strategy in 2025
Amid intensifying geopolitical fragmentation and great-power rivalry, middle-power countries face increasing challenges in balancing domestic development with strategic autonomy. This study examines Indonesia’s development strategy in 2025 through the concept of omni-directional engagement, focusing on industrial policy, ASEAN diplomacy, digital transformation, climate governance, and the Nusantara capital project. Using a qualitative approach based on literature review and policy analysis, the study integrates perspectives from dependency theory, constructivism, and development economics. The findings show that Indonesia has strengthened its role in global supply chains through downstream industrialization and diversified international partnerships. However, these gains are accompanied by structural challenges, including governance fragmentation, fiscal pressures, environmental risks, and uneven institutional capacity. The study argues that Indonesia’s ability to sustain development in a fragmented global order depends on stronger policy coordination, institutional reform, and balanced geopolitical engagement. The article contributes to broader debates on middle-power development strategies in the Global South. Abstrak Di tengah meningkatnya fragmentasi geopolitik dan rivalitas kekuatan besar, negara middle-power menghadapi tantangan yang semakin kompleks dalam menyeimbangkan pembangunan domestik dan otonomi strategis. Penelitian ini menganalisis strategi pembangunan Indonesia tahun 2025 melalui konsep omni-directional engagement dengan fokus pada kebijakan industrialisasi, diplomasi ASEAN, transformasi digital, tata kelola iklim, dan proyek Ibu Kota Nusantara. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi literatur dan analisis kebijakan dengan mengintegrasikan teori dependensi, konstruktivisme, dan ekonomi pembangunan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia berhasil memperkuat posisinya dalam rantai pasok global melalui hilirisasi industri dan diversifikasi kemitraan internasional. Namun, capaian tersebut diiringi tantangan struktural berupa fragmentasi tata kelola, tekanan fiskal, risiko lingkungan, dan keterbatasan kapasitas institusional. Studi ini menegaskan bahwa keberlanjutan pembangunan Indonesia dalam tatanan global yang terfragmentasi sangat bergantung pada penguatan koordinasi kebijakan, reformasi institusi, dan keseimbangan keterlibatan geopolitik.
Copyright (c) 2026 Diyah Pitaloka Rizki, Septianis Afipah (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Rethinking Scientific Authority in the Post-Truth Era: A Gadamerian Perspective
This article reexamines the crisis of scientific authority in the post-truth era through Hans-Georg Gadamer’s philosophical hermeneutics. It argues that the erosion of trust in science is not merely driven by misinformation, but by a deeper hermeneutical gap between scientific rationality and historically situated public understanding. Drawing on Gadamer’s concepts of prejudice (Vorurteil), tradition, and the fusion of horizons, the study employs a historical-critical library approach to analyze how Enlightenment objectivism contributed to the marginalization of tradition in knowledge formation. The findings suggest that scientific authority cannot rely solely on methodological objectivity, but must be grounded in dialogical recognition (Anerkennung) and interpretive engagement with societal contexts. By integrating insights from critical theory and contemporary post-truth discourse, this paper proposes a reconfiguration of scientific authority as reflexive, dialogical, and historically aware, offering a conceptual foundation for more inclusive science communication and hermeneutic-based education. Abstrak Artikel ini meninjau kembali krisis otoritas keilmuan di era post-truth melalui hermeneutika filosofis Hans-Georg Gadamer. Studi ini berargumen bahwa erosi kepercayaan terhadap ilmu pengetahuan tidak semata disebabkan oleh misinformasi, tetapi oleh kesenjangan hermeneutik antara rasionalitas ilmiah dan pemahaman publik yang bersifat historis. Dengan menggunakan konsep prasangka (Vorurteil), tradisi, dan peleburan cakrawala, penelitian ini menerapkan metode studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan historis-kritis untuk menganalisis bagaimana objektivisme Pencerahan memarginalkan peran tradisi dalam pembentukan pengetahuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa otoritas keilmuan tidak dapat hanya bergantung pada objektivitas metodologis, tetapi perlu didasarkan pada pengakuan dialogis (Anerkennung) dan keterlibatan interpretatif dengan konteks sosial. Dengan mengintegrasikan perspektif teori kritis dan diskursus post-truth, artikel ini menawarkan rekonfigurasi otoritas keilmuan yang reflektif, dialogis, dan sadar historis.
Copyright (c) 2026 Muhamad Barqi Asila (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Controlling Salt Precipitation via Cyclic Low-Salinity Brine–CO₂ Injection in Depleted Gas Reservoirs
Salt precipitation during CO₂ injection into depleted gas reservoirs is a major cause of injectivity loss due to evaporation-driven crystallization of formation brine. This study experimentally evaluates a cyclic low-salinity brine–CO₂ injection strategy to control precipitation and preserve permeability. Core-flood experiments were conducted on Berea sandstone (120 mD, 22% porosity) under reservoir conditions (80°C, 150 bar). The cyclic protocol (0.2 PV low-salinity brine followed by 0.8 PV CO₂, five cycles) was compared with continuous CO₂ injection. Continuous injection caused severe permeability reduction (76±4%), whereas cyclic injection limited the loss to 17±5% (p < 0.01) and increased the CO₂ storage coefficient from 0.32 to 0.53. SEM analysis indicates that cyclic injection suppresses pore-bridging salt and promotes uniform micro-scale deposition. The results suggest that salt precipitation can be dynamically managed through injection design, improving both injectivity and storage efficiency without chemical additives. Abstrak Presipitasi garam selama injeksi CO₂ ke reservoir gas terdeplesi merupakan penyebab utama penurunan injektivitas akibat kristalisasi yang dipicu oleh evaporasi brine formasi. Studi ini mengevaluasi secara eksperimental strategi injeksi siklik brine salinitas rendah–CO₂ untuk mengendalikan presipitasi dan mempertahankan permeabilitas. Eksperimen core-flood dilakukan pada batupasir Berea (120 mD, porositas 22%) pada kondisi reservoir (80°C, 150 bar). Protokol siklik (0,2 PV brine salinitas rendah diikuti 0,8 PV CO₂ selama lima siklus) dibandingkan dengan injeksi CO₂ kontinu. Injeksi kontinu menyebabkan penurunan permeabilitas sebesar 76±4%, sedangkan metode siklik membatasi penurunan menjadi 17±5% (p < 0,01) serta meningkatkan koefisien penyimpanan CO₂ dari 0,32 menjadi 0,53. Analisis SEM menunjukkan bahwa metode siklik menghambat pembentukan jembatan garam dan menghasilkan distribusi mikro-kristal yang lebih merata. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa presipitasi garam dapat dikendalikan secara dinamis melalui desain injeksi tanpa bahan kimia tambahan.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gusty Wahyu Pratama (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Legal Accountability and Bureaucratic Integrity in Indonesia’s Civil Service Reform
The enactment of Law No. 20 of 2023 marks a significant shift in Indonesia’s civil service reform, particularly in strengthening legal accountability and bureaucratic integrity. This study employs a normative legal approach, combining statutory, conceptual, and case analyses to examine the legal responsibilities of civil servants in upholding integrity and discipline. The findings reveal that the core value “BerAKHLAK” has evolved from a moral principle into a legally binding standard that influences performance evaluations, career advancement, and administrative sanctions. The study also highlights persistent challenges, including inconsistent enforcement of disciplinary measures, weak regional oversight, and the influence of organizational culture and political dynamics on bureaucratic behavior. Furthermore, the research underscores the importance of harmonizing legal norms with institutional practices to ensure effective implementation. Strengthening oversight mechanisms, legal clarity, and integrity-based governance is essential to achieving a professional, accountable, and politically neutral civil service system in Indonesia. Abstrak Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Nomor 20 Tahun 2023 menandai perubahan signifikan dalam reformasi aparatur sipil negara di Indonesia, khususnya dalam memperkuat akuntabilitas hukum dan integritas birokrasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan studi kasus untuk menganalisis tanggung jawab hukum aparatur sipil negara dalam menegakkan integritas dan disiplin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai dasar “BerAKHLAK” telah berkembang dari prinsip moral menjadi norma hukum yang mengikat dalam penilaian kinerja, pengembangan karier, dan pemberian sanksi administratif. Penelitian ini juga mengidentifikasi berbagai tantangan, seperti ketidakkonsistenan dalam penegakan sanksi, lemahnya pengawasan di tingkat daerah, serta pengaruh budaya organisasi dan dinamika politik terhadap perilaku birokrasi. Oleh karena itu, harmonisasi antara norma hukum dan praktik kelembagaan menjadi kunci efektivitas implementasi. Penguatan sistem pengawasan, kejelasan hukum, dan tata kelola berbasis integritas diperlukan untuk mewujudkan birokrasi yang profesional, akuntabel, dan netral secara politik.
Copyright (c) 2026 Risman Setiawan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Taking a Step Back to Look at Our Political System: Does a System of Democracy Actually Exist?
Democracy is often regarded as the most legitimate system of government, yet in practice many democratic states experience a decline in substantive democratic values. Indonesia, as one of the world’s largest democracies, faces similar challenges marked by elite domination, weakening of accountability institutions, and the suppression of political criticism. This study aims to analyze whether genuine democracy truly exists in Indonesia by examining the relevance of Robert Michels’ Iron Law of Oligarchy in explaining contemporary political conditions. The research employs a socio-legal method using historical, political, and legal approaches to understand democratic development and institutional practices in Indonesia. The findings show that political power is increasingly concentrated among elite groups through legal control, legislative domination, media concentration, and the criminalization of dissent. These conditions strongly support Michels’ argument that democratic systems inevitably tend toward oligarchic control, making democracy more procedural than substantive in practice. Abstrak Demokrasi sering dianggap sebagai sistem pemerintahan yang paling sah dan ideal, namun dalam praktiknya banyak negara demokratis mengalami kemunduran nilai-nilai demokrasi substantif. Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara demokrasi terbesar di dunia menghadapi tantangan serupa yang ditandai oleh dominasi elite, melemahnya lembaga pengawas, serta pembungkaman kritik politik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis apakah demokrasi yang sesungguhnya masih ada di Indonesia dengan mengkaji relevansi teori Iron Law of Oligarchy dari Robert Michels dalam menjelaskan kondisi politik kontemporer. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode socio-legal dengan pendekatan historis, politik, dan hukum untuk memahami perkembangan demokrasi serta praktik kelembagaan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kekuasaan politik semakin terkonsentrasi pada kelompok elite melalui kontrol hukum, dominasi legislatif, konsentrasi media, dan kriminalisasi kritik. Kondisi ini memperkuat pandangan Michels bahwa sistem demokrasi cenderung bergerak menuju oligarki, sehingga demokrasi lebih bersifat prosedural daripada substantif.
Copyright (c) 2026 Ardhes Blandhivay Leuanan (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Rethinking Self-Love: A Qur’anic Interpretation through Hamka’s Tafsir
This article aims to examine the concept of self-love from the perspective of Buya Hamka’s exegesis through his work Tafsir al-Azhar. Using a qualitative approach and content analysis method, this study explores Hamka’s interpretation of the verses Q.S. Al-Isra (17): 70, Q.S. Al-Baqarah (2): 286, Q.S. Az-Zumar (39): 53, Q.S. Ibrahim (14): 7, and Q.S. Al-Insyirah (94): 5–6. The findings indicate that Buya Hamka understands the teachings of the Qur’an as an invitation to love oneself proportionately, encompassing self-acceptance, patience, self-forgiveness, inner resilience, and spiritual awareness. Hamka’s interpretation demonstrates strong relevance to the concept of self-love in contemporary psychology, although he places greater emphasis on transcendence and moral responsibility. This article concludes that Hamka’s perspective functions not only as a religious exegesis but also as a psychological and moral guide for modern individuals seeking a balanced understanding of self-love. Abstrak Artikel ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji konsep self-love (cinta diri) dalam perspektif tafsir Buya Hamka melalui karyanya Tafsir al-Azhar. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan metode analisis isi (content analysis), penelitian ini menelusuri penafsiran Hamka atas ayat-ayat Q.S. Al-Isra ayat 70, Q.S. Al-Baqarah ayat 286, Q.S. Az-Zumar ayat 53, Q.S. Ibrahim ayat 7, dan Q.S. Al-Insyirah ayat 5–6. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Buya Hamka memaknai ajaran Al-Qur’an sebagai ajakan untuk mencintai diri secara proporsional, yang mencakup penerimaan diri, kesabaran, pengampunan diri, ketahanan batin, serta kesadaran spiritual. Tafsir Hamka terbukti memiliki relevansi yang tinggi dengan konsep self-love dalam psikologi kontemporer, meskipun Hamka memberikan penekanan lebih pada aspek transendensi dan tanggung jawab moral. Artikel ini menyimpulkan bahwa pandangan Hamka tidak hanya berperan sebagai tafsir religius, tetapi juga sebagai panduan psikologis dan moral bagi manusia modern yang mencari makna cinta diri yang seimbang.
Copyright (c) 2026 Moh. Abrar (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Islamic Business Ethics as a Strategic Driver of MSME Growth in the Halal Economy Era
The growth of the global halal economy presents great opportunities for MSMEs as key players in the halal industry. However, fierce market competition and ethical challenges in business practices demand a solid value foundation. This article aims to analyze the contribution of Islamic business ethics to the growth of MSMEs in the halal economy era. This study employs a library research method using a descriptive qualitative approach by reviewing various academic literatures, scientific journals, and relevant documents. The findings reveal that Islamic business ethics principles such as honesty, trustworthiness, justice, and the prohibition of riba and gharar positively impact the performance and sustainability of MSMEs. The implementation of these ethical values fosters consumer trust, operational efficiency, and strong business identity. In the context of the halal economy, Islamic business ethics serves not only as a moral advantage but also as a strategic element to ensure the sustainability and competitiveness of MSMEs both locally and globally. Abstrak Pertumbuhan ekonomi halal global menghadirkan peluang besar bagi UMKM sebagai pelaku utama dalam industri halal. Namun, persaingan pasar yang semakin ketat serta tantangan etika dalam praktik bisnis menuntut adanya landasan nilai yang kuat. Artikel ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kontribusi etika bisnis Islam terhadap pertumbuhan UMKM di era ekonomi halal. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif melalui penelaahan berbagai literatur akademik, jurnal ilmiah, dan dokumen yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa prinsip-prinsip etika bisnis Islam seperti kejujuran, amanah, keadilan, serta larangan riba dan gharar memberikan dampak positif terhadap kinerja dan keberlanjutan UMKM. Penerapan nilai-nilai etika tersebut mampu meningkatkan kepercayaan konsumen, efisiensi operasional, serta membentuk identitas usaha yang kuat. Dalam konteks ekonomi halal, etika bisnis Islam tidak hanya menjadi keunggulan moral, tetapi juga merupakan elemen strategis dalam menjaga keberlanjutan dan daya saing UMKM baik di tingkat lokal maupun global.
Copyright (c) 2026 Zulkipli (Author); Miranti (Translator) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Cross-Asset Connectedness of Bitcoin, Gold, and Equity Markets: A Macroprudential Systematic Review (2018–2025)
This study aims to synthesize empirical evidence on spillovers and connectedness among Bitcoin, gold, and stock markets from a macroprudential perspective during the period 2018–2025. The research applies a narrative systematic review (NSR) approach by conducting a structured literature search in Scopus and Google Scholar, followed by screening, eligibility assessment, and thematic synthesis of relevant studies. From an initial pool of 62 articles, nine empirical studies met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. The findings indicate that cross-asset connectedness is dynamic and tends to intensify during periods of market stress, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. In many global and advanced markets, Bitcoin often acts as a net transmitter of volatility spillovers, while gold generally exhibits lower connectedness and frequently functions as a diversifier or hedging asset. However, evidence from emerging markets remains mixed. This study contributes by providing a structured synthesis of recent empirical evidence and highlighting macroprudential implications for monitoring cross-asset risk transmission in increasingly integrated financial markets. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyintesis bukti empiris mengenai spillover dan connectedness antara Bitcoin, emas, dan pasar saham dari perspektif makroprudensial pada periode 2018–2025. Metode yang digunakan adalah narrative systematic review (NSR) dengan melakukan pencarian literatur secara terstruktur pada basis data Scopus dan Google Scholar, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan proses penyaringan, penilaian kelayakan, serta sintesis tematik terhadap studi yang relevan. Dari total 62 artikel yang teridentifikasi, sembilan studi empiris memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan dianalisis lebih lanjut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa connectedness antar aset bersifat dinamis dan cenderung meningkat selama periode tekanan pasar, khususnya selama pandemi COVID-19. Di pasar global dan maju, Bitcoin sering berperan sebagai net transmitter dalam spillover volatilitas, sementara emas umumnya menunjukkan tingkat keterhubungan yang lebih rendah dan berfungsi sebagai aset diversifikasi atau lindung nilai. Penelitian ini berkontribusi dengan menyediakan sintesis terstruktur atas bukti empiris terbaru serta menyoroti implikasi makroprudensial dalam pemantauan transmisi risiko lintas aset pada sistem keuangan yang semakin terintegrasi.
Copyright (c) 2026 Fariz Al Thoriq, Aminudin Ma’ruf (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Healthcare Negligence Resulting in Permanent Disability: A Juridical Analysis of Hospital Legal Liability
This study aims to analyze the forms and legal bases of hospital liability for negligence in patient care that results in permanent disability. The research employs a normative juridical approach through the examination of statutory regulations and the analysis of legal facts occurring in practice. The findings indicate that hospital liability is expressly regulated under Article 46 of Law Number 44 of 2009 concerning Hospitals and Article 193 of Law Number 17 of 2023 concerning Health, which positions hospitals as responsible for negligence committed by medical personnel within an employment relationship. From a civil law perspective, liability may be grounded in Articles 1365, 1366, and 1367 of the Civil Code (KUHPerdata) concerning unlawful acts and liability for the acts of others, as well as Article 1371 of the Civil Code regarding compensation for injury or permanent disability. From a criminal law perspective, negligence resulting in serious injury or permanent disability may be associated with Article 360 of the Criminal Code (KUHP). Accordingly, patients are entitled to pursue administrative, civil, and criminal remedies to obtain legal protection and restitution. Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bentuk dan dasar tanggung jawab rumah sakit atas kelalaian dalam penanganan pasien yang berujung pada kecacatan permanen. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan yuridis normatif melalui kajian peraturan perundang-undangan dan analisis fakta hukum yang terjadi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanggung jawab rumah sakit secara tegas diatur dalam Pasal 46 Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit dan Pasal 193 Undang-Undang Nomor 17 Tahun 2023 tentang Kesehatan, yang menempatkan rumah sakit sebagai pihak yang bertanggung jawab atas kelalaian tenaga medis dalam hubungan kerja. Dari aspek perdata, pertanggungjawaban dapat didasarkan pada Pasal 1365, 1366, dan 1367 KUHPerdata mengenai perbuatan melawan hukum dan tanggung jawab atas perbuatan orang lain, serta Pasal 1371 KUHPerdata terkait ganti rugi atas luka atau cacat. Dari aspek pidana, kelalaian yang menyebabkan luka berat atau cacat permanen dapat dikaitkan dengan Pasal 360 KUHP. Dengan demikian, pasien berhak menempuh upaya hukum administratif, perdata, maupun pidana untuk memperoleh perlindungan dan pemulihan hak.
Copyright (c) 2026 Anida Nadyana Novauzyah, Wahyudi (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Anxiety in the Viral Age: A Dialogical Integration of Contemporary Psychology and Islamic Psychology through the Concept of Nafs
The rising prevalence of anxiety in contemporary society is closely linked to the expansion of social media and viral culture, which generate persistent socio-digital pressures. This study analyzes anxiety in the viral era through a dialogical engagement between contemporary psychology and Islamic psychology, positioning the concept of nafs as an analytical framework. Using a qualitative conceptual-analytical design based on library research, the study draws on modern theories of anxiety, empirical findings on social media and mental health, and classical as well as contemporary Islamic scholarship. Data were examined through thematic and comparative-dialogical analysis to identify the characteristics of anxiety in digital contexts and to assess the relevance of nafs. The findings indicate that anxiety in the viral era is persistent and distributed, reflecting structural imbalance within the self and a crisis of meaning. This study proposes an integrative psychological framework that situates Islamic psychology as a dialogical and relevant perspective in contemporary mental health discourse. Abstrak Fenomena meningkatnya anxiety dalam masyarakat kontemporer berkaitan erat dengan ekspansi media sosial dan budaya viral yang menghasilkan tekanan sosial digital yang persisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis anxiety di era viral melalui dialog antara psikologi kontemporer dan psikologi Islam dengan menempatkan konsep nafs sebagai kerangka analitis. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif konseptual-analitis berbasis studi kepustakaan dengan merujuk pada teori modern tentang kecemasan, temuan empiris mengenai media sosial dan kesehatan mental, serta literatur klasik dan kontemporer psikologi Islam. Analisis dilakukan melalui metode tematik dan komparatif-dialogis untuk mengidentifikasi karakter anxiety dalam konteks digital dan menilai relevansi konsep nafs. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa anxiety di era viral bersifat persisten dan terdistribusi, mencerminkan ketidakseimbangan struktural dalam diri serta krisis makna. Penelitian ini menawarkan kerangka psikologi integratif yang memosisikan psikologi Islam sebagai perspektif dialogis dan relevan dalam diskursus kesehatan mental kontemporer.
Copyright (c) 2026 Naufal Ulya (Author) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0