Dialectics of Abrahamic Religions in Multicultural Contexts: Normative Values and Empirical Dynamics through Emile Durkheim’s Lens
Dialektika Agama Abrahamik dalam Konteks Multikultural: Nilai-nilai Normatif dan Dinamika Empiris melalui Lensa Emile Durkheim
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20625/theosyn.v1i4.028Keywords:
Abrahamic Religions, Emile Durkheim, Multicultural, Normative, EmpiricalAbstract
Religious diversity exemplifies a multicultural society, but frequently sparks intricate empirical conflicts that clash with the core normative principles. This study aims to delve into the dialectics between the normative values and empirical realities within Abrahamic religions, Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, in such diverse settings. Employing content analysis through the lens of Emile Durkheim's sociological framework on religion, the research uncovers how these faiths normatively advocate for inclusivity via key concepts like sunnatullah in Islam, agape in Christianity, and tikkun olam in Judaism, which collectively bolster social integration and cohesion. Nevertheless, real-world manifestations expose persistent historical and modern conflicts fueled by politicization, identity-based polarization, and external influences, with Durkheim's theory underscoring religion's paradoxical roles in both unifying and fragmenting societies. Ultimately, achieving multicultural harmony demands a comprehensive, ongoing strategy that engages the state, civil society, and religious leaders to bridge normative ideals with practical realities.
Bahasa Indonesia
Keberagaman agama merepresentasikan karakter masyarakat multikultural, namun kerapkali memicu konflik empiris dan bertentangan dengan prinsip normatif agama. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelaah dialektika antara nilai-nilai normatif dan realitas empiris dalam agama-agama Abrahamik, Yahudi, Kristen, dan Islam, dalam konteks masyarakat multikultural. melalui analisis isi dengan kerangka sosiologi agama Emile Durkheim, penelitian ini mengungkap bahwa ketiga agama tersebut secara normatif mendorong inklusivitas melalui konsep-konsep kunci seperti sunnatullah dalam Islam, agape dalam Kristen, dan tikkun olam dalam Yahudi, yang secara kolektif memperkuat integrasi dan kohesi sosial. Namun demikian, manifestasi empiris menunjukkan adanya beragam konflik historis maupun kontemporer yang dipicu oleh politisasi, polarisasi berbasis identitas, dan pengaruh eksternal, dengan teori Durkheim menegaskan peran paradoksal agama sebagai kekuatan pemersatu sekaligus pemecah masyarakat. Kesimpulan menunjukkan bahwa pencapaian harmoni multikultural menuntut adanya keterlibatan negara, masyarakat sipil, dan pemimpin agama untuk menjembatani kesenjangan antara idealitas normatif dan realitas praktis.
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