Developing Fiqh Understanding through Bahtsul Masa’il: Textual Literacy and Legal Reasoning in an Indonesian Pesantren
(Mengembangkan Pemahaman Fiqih melalui Bahtsul Masa’il: Literasi Teks dan Penalaran Hukum dalam Pendidikan Pesantren Indonesia)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20625/theosyn.v2i1.179Keywords:
Bahtsul Masa’il, Fiqh Education, Legal Reasoning, Pesantren Education, Textual LiteracyAbstract
This study examines how Bahtsul Masa'il contributes to the development of fiqh understanding through textual literacy and legal reasoning in pesantren education. Employing a qualitative case study design, the research was conducted at Pondok Pesantren Nurul Hidayah Al-Khodijiyyah, Cianjur, involving a pesantren leader, supervisors, and students actively participating in Bahtsul Masa'il. Data were collected through observations, semi-structured interviews, and document analysis, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings reveal that Bahtsul Masa'il is implemented through three interconnected stages: planning, implementation, and evaluation. Students’ fiqh understanding develops through independent exploration of legal sources, argumentative discussions, and scholarly validation by the mushohih. The method enhances students’ ability to identify legal evidence, explain legal reasoning, appreciate differences of opinion, and relate fiqh principles to contemporary social issues. This study argues that Bahtsul Masa'il functions not merely as a forum for religious deliberation but as a pedagogical model integrating textual literacy, legal reasoning, collaborative learning, and contextual problem-solving in fiqh education.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana Bahtsul Masa'il berkontribusi dalam pengembangan pemahaman fiqih melalui literasi teks dan penalaran hukum dalam pendidikan pesantren. Penelitian menggunakan desain studi kasus kualitatif di Pondok Pesantren Nurul Hidayah Al-Khodijiyyah Cianjur dengan melibatkan pimpinan pesantren, mushohih, dan santri yang aktif mengikuti Bahtsul Masa'il. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi, wawancara semi-terstruktur, dan studi dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Bahtsul Masa'il dilaksanakan melalui tiga tahap yang saling terintegrasi, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, dan evaluasi. Pemahaman fiqih santri berkembang melalui eksplorasi mandiri terhadap sumber hukum, diskusi argumentatif, serta validasi ilmiah oleh mushohih. Metode ini meningkatkan kemampuan santri dalam menemukan dalil hukum, menjelaskan penalaran hukum, menghargai perbedaan pendapat, dan mengaitkan prinsip-prinsip fiqih dengan persoalan sosial kontemporer. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa Bahtsul Masa'il tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai forum musyawarah keagamaan, tetapi juga sebagai model pedagogis yang mengintegrasikan literasi teks, penalaran hukum, pembelajaran kolaboratif, dan pemecahan masalah kontekstual dalam pendidikan fiqih.
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