The Validity of State Officials’ Qurban Funded by the State Budget in the Shafi’i Madzhab
(Keabsahan Qurban Pejabat Negara yang Dibiayai oleh Anggaran Negara dalam Mazhab Syafi’i)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20625/theosyn.v1i4.169Keywords:
State-Funded Qurban, Shafi’i Madzhab, Public Ownership, Wakalah, Islamic PhilanthropyAbstract
The practice of qurban funded through the State Budget (APBN/APBD) has increasingly become part of governmental religious and social programs in Indonesia, raising debates regarding its shar’i validity in Islamic law. This article examines the validity of state officials’ qurban within the framework of the Shafi’i madzhab, focusing on ownership (al-milk al-tām), the status of shahib al-qurban, as well as the relevance of wakalah and maslahah in institutional qurban practices. This study employs a qualitative normative approach through library research based on authoritative Shafi’i legal texts and contemporary literature on Islamic philanthropy and public finance. The findings demonstrate that qurban in the Shafi’i madzhab requires lawful personal ownership of the sacrificial animal. Therefore, qurban financed directly through public funds cannot automatically be attributed as a personal act of worship by state officials without a valid transfer of ownership. Consequently, state-funded qurban is more appropriately understood as a socio-religious public policy rather than an individual ritual act.
Abstrak
Praktik qurban yang dibiayai melalui APBN/APBD semakin berkembang sebagai bagian dari program sosial dan keagamaan pemerintah di Indonesia, namun keabsahannya dalam hukum Islam masih diperdebatkan. Artikel ini mengkaji keabsahan qurban pejabat negara dalam perspektif Mazhab Syafi’i dengan menitikberatkan pada konsep kepemilikan (al-milk al-tām), kedudukan shahib al-qurban, serta relevansi akad wakalah dan maslahat dalam qurban institusional. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif normatif melalui studi kepustakaan dengan merujuk pada literatur otoritatif Mazhab Syafi’i dan kajian kontemporer tentang filantropi Islam serta keuangan publik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa qurban dalam Mazhab Syafi’i mensyaratkan kepemilikan pribadi yang sah atas hewan qurban. Karena itu, qurban yang dibiayai langsung dari dana publik tidak dapat secara otomatis dinisbahkan sebagai ibadah personal pejabat negara tanpa adanya perpindahan hak milik yang sah. Qurban berbasis anggaran negara lebih tepat dipahami sebagai kebijakan sosial-keagamaan daripada ibadah individual.
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