Criminal Law Protection for Children and Victims of Gender-Based Violence: A Normative Analysis Following the Enactment of Law Number 12 of 2022
(Perlindungan Hukum Pidana terhadap Anak dan Korban Kekerasan Berbasis Gender: Analisis Normatif Pasca Pengesahan Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.12026/sym.v1i1.125Keywords:
Children, Criminal Law Protection, Gender-Based Violence, Sexual Violence Crime Law, VictimsAbstract
Gender-based violence and violence against children constitute serious issues within Indonesia’s criminal justice system due to their direct impact on human rights and victim welfare. Despite the existence of various legal regulations, the practical protection of victims continues to face significant challenges. This study aims to analyze criminal law protection for children and victims of gender-based violence following the enactment of Law Number 12 of 2022 on Sexual Violence Crimes. This research employs a normative juridical method using statutory, conceptual, and case approaches. The data sources consist of primary legal materials in the form of legislation and secondary legal materials derived from legal textbooks and academic journal articles. The findings indicate that, normatively, the Sexual Violence Law has strengthened the legal status of victims as rights-bearing subjects entitled to protection, handling, and recovery. However, its implementation remains constrained by structural, cultural, and institutional obstacles, resulting in victim protection that has not yet been fully and effectively realized in practice.
Abstrak
Kekerasan berbasis gender dan kekerasan terhadap anak merupakan persoalan serius dalam sistem hukum pidana di Indonesia karena berdampak langsung pada hak asasi manusia dan kesejahteraan korban. Meskipun telah terdapat berbagai peraturan perundang-undangan, perlindungan korban dalam praktik masih menghadapi tantangan yang signifikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perlindungan hukum pidana terhadap anak dan korban kekerasan berbasis gender setelah berlakunya Undang-Undang Nomor 12 Tahun 2022 tentang Tindak Pidana Kekerasan Seksual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan kasus. Sumber data terdiri atas bahan hukum primer berupa peraturan perundang-undangan serta bahan hukum sekunder berupa buku teks hukum dan artikel jurnal ilmiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara normatif UU TPKS telah memperkuat kedudukan korban sebagai subjek hukum dengan hak atas perlindungan, penanganan, dan pemulihan. Namun demikian, implementasinya masih menghadapi hambatan struktural, kultural, dan institusional yang menyebabkan perlindungan korban belum sepenuhnya terwujud secara efektif dalam praktik.
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