Beyond Anthropocentric Jurisprudence: Reconstructing Maqāṣid al-Sharī‘ah through Theocentric Ecocentrism and Hydrocentrism
(Melampaui Yurisprudensi Antroposentris: Rekonstruksi Maqāṣid al-Syarī‘ah Berbasis Ekosentrisme Teosentris dan Hidrosentrisme)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20625/theosyn.v2i2.247Keywords:
Ḥifẓ Al-Bī’ah, Maqāṣid Al-Sharī‘ah, Theocentric Ecocentrism, Hydrocentrism, Environmental FiqhAbstract
The global environmental crisis reveals the limitations of anthropocentric paradigms in classical Islamic jurisprudence, which tend to position nature primarily as an instrument for human interests. This study aims to reconstruct maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah through a theocentric ecocentric and hydrocentric paradigm by positioning ḥifẓ al-bī’ah as a foundational ḍarūriyyāt. This study employs a qualitative non-empirical approach using philosophical-hermeneutic analysis and critical content analysis of sources on uṣūl al-fiqh, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, Qur’anic cosmology, and environmental ethics. The findings demonstrate that environmental preservation constitutes an existential condition for the realization of ḥifẓ al-dīn, ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-‘aql, ḥifẓ al-nasl, and ḥifẓ al-māl, while hydrocentrism positions water as a central element of life sustainability and ecological justice. The study contributes a reconstructed maqāṣid framework that integrates Qur’anic theology, environmental ethics, and Islamic environmental jurisprudence, thereby shifting Islamic legal reasoning from an anthropocentric orientation toward ecocentric ethical praxis.
Abstrak
Krisis lingkungan global menunjukkan keterbatasan paradigma antroposentris dalam yurisprudensi Islam klasik yang cenderung menempatkan alam terutama sebagai instrumen bagi kepentingan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan merekonstruksi maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah melalui paradigma ekosentrisme teosentris dan hidrosentrisme dengan menempatkan ḥifẓ al-bī’ah sebagai fondasi primer ḍarūriyyāt. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif non-empiris dengan analisis filosofis-hermeneutis dan analisis isi kritis terhadap sumber-sumber usul fikih, maqāṣid al-syarī‘ah, kosmovisi Al-Qur’an, dan etika lingkungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemeliharaan lingkungan merupakan kondisi eksistensial bagi keberlangsungan ḥifẓ al-dīn, ḥifẓ al-nafs, ḥifẓ al-‘aql, ḥifẓ al-nasl, dan ḥifẓ al-māl, sedangkan hidrosentrisme menempatkan air sebagai elemen sentral keberlangsungan kehidupan dan keadilan ekologis. Kontribusi penelitian terletak pada rekonstruksi arsitektur maqāṣid yang mengintegrasikan teologi Qur’ani, etika lingkungan, dan fikih lingkungan untuk menggeser orientasi hukum Islam dari antroposentris menuju praksis etis ekosentris.
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