Constructing Ahl al-Ḥaqq wa al-Sunnah Identity in Muhammadiyah’s Tarjih Fatwas: A Critical Discourse Analysis
(Konstruksi Identitas Ahl al-Ḥaqq wa al-Sunnah dalam Fatwa Tarjih Muhammadiyah: Analisis Wacana Kritis)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20625/theosyn.v2i2.232Keywords:
Ahl al-Ḥaqq wa al-Sunnah, Critical Discourse Analysis, Muhammadiyah, Ahl al-Ḥaqq wa alReligious Identity, Tarjih FatwasAbstract
This study aims to analyze the construction of Ahl al-Ḥaqq wa al-Sunnah identity in Muhammadiyah’s Tarjih Fatwas using Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis model. A qualitative approach was employed by examining selected Tarjih Fatwas through macrostructure, superstructure, microstructure, social cognition, and social context. The findings reveal that Muhammadiyah constructs Ahl al-Ḥaqq wa al-Sunnah identity through methodological authority grounded in the Qur’an, al-Sunnah al-Maqbūlah, ijtihād, and tajdīd rather than sectarian affiliation. This identity is reinforced by systematic legal argumentation, collective reasoning, and linguistic strategies emphasizing openness, scholarly responsibility, and evidence-based interpretation. Furthermore, the interaction between institutional cognition and Indonesia’s plural socio-religious context enables Muhammadiyah to maintain doctrinal commitment while accommodating legitimate differences of opinion. This study contributes to Islamic discourse studies by demonstrating that Tarjih Fatwas function not only as legal instruments but also as discursive mechanisms for constructing and legitimizing institutional religious identity.
Abstrak
Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konstruksi identitas Ahl al-Ḥaqq wa al-Sunnah dalam Fatwa Tarjih Muhammadiyah menggunakan model Analisis Wacana Kritis Teun A. van Dijk. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menganalisis sejumlah Fatwa Tarjih melalui dimensi makrostruktur, superstruktur, mikrostruktur, kognisi sosial, dan konteks sosial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Muhammadiyah mengonstruksi identitas Ahl al-Ḥaqq wa al-Sunnah melalui otoritas metodologis yang berlandaskan al-Qur’an, al-Sunnah al-Maqbūlah, ijtihād, dan tajdīd, bukan melalui afiliasi mazhab tertentu. Identitas tersebut diperkuat melalui argumentasi hukum yang sistematis, ijtihād jamāʿī, serta strategi kebahasaan yang menekankan keterbukaan, tanggung jawab keilmuan, dan penalaran berbasis dalil. Interaksi antara kognisi kelembagaan dan konteks sosial-keagamaan Indonesia yang majemuk memungkinkan Muhammadiyah mempertahankan komitmen akidah sekaligus mengakomodasi perbedaan pendapat yang sah. Penelitian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan kajian wacana Islam dengan menunjukkan bahwa Fatwa Tarjih tidak hanya berfungsi sebagai produk hukum Islam, tetapi juga sebagai mekanisme konstruksi dan legitimasi identitas keagamaan kelembagaan.
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