Legal Liability of Hospitals for Refusal of BPJS Patients in Indonesia: A Normative Analysis of Healthcare Law
(Tanggung Jawab Hukum Rumah Sakit atas Penolakan Pasien BPJS di Indonesia: Analisis Normatif Hukum Kesehatan)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20625/theosyn.v1i4.133Keywords:
BPJS Kesehatan, Hospital Liability, Legal Protection, National Health Insurance, Service RefusalAbstract
The refusal of healthcare services to BPJS Kesehatan participants remains a concern within Indonesia’s National Health Insurance (JKN) system, despite the constitutional guarantee of the right to health under Article 28H paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution. Hospital obligations to provide safe and non-discriminatory services are stipulated in Articles 32 and 46 of Law Number 44 of 2009 on Hospitals, as well as Articles 53 and 54 of Law Number 36 of 2009 on Health. This study aims to analyze the legal responsibility of hospitals for refusing services to BPJS participants and to examine implementation challenges. The research applies a normative juridical method using statutory and conceptual approaches. The findings indicate that service refusal may result in administrative sanctions, civil liability under Article 1365 of the Civil Code, and criminal liability under Article 359 of the Criminal Code when death occurs. The primary challenge lies in weak enforcement and inconsistent implementation of existing legal norms in healthcare practice.
Abstrak
Penolakan pelayanan terhadap peserta BPJS Kesehatan masih menjadi persoalan dalam penyelenggaraan Jaminan Kesehatan Nasional (JKN), meskipun hak atas pelayanan kesehatan telah dijamin dalam Pasal 28H ayat (1) UUD 1945. Kewajiban rumah sakit untuk memberikan pelayanan yang aman dan nondiskriminatif diatur dalam Pasal 32 dan Pasal 46 Undang-Undang Nomor 44 Tahun 2009 tentang Rumah Sakit, serta Pasal 53 dan Pasal 54 Undang-Undang Nomor 36 Tahun 2009 tentang Kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tanggung jawab hukum rumah sakit atas penolakan pelayanan terhadap peserta BPJS Kesehatan serta problematika implementasinya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah yuridis normatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penolakan pelayanan dapat menimbulkan tanggung jawab administratif, gugatan perdata berdasarkan Pasal 1365 KUHPerdata, serta pertanggungjawaban pidana berdasarkan Pasal 359 KUHP apabila mengakibatkan kematian. Permasalahan utama terletak pada lemahnya pengawasan dan implementasi norma hukum dalam praktik pelayanan kesehatan.
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