Integrating Takhrīj and Netnography: A Maqashid al-Hadith Framework for Evaluating Aesthetic Worship Content on Social Media
Keywords:
Takhrīj al-Ḥadīth, Netnography, Digital Religion, Aesthetic Worship Content, Maqāṣid al-ḤadīthAbstract
The rapid growth of social media has transformed religious practices into publicly visible digital expressions, including aesthetic worship content displaying prayer, recitation, charity, and other devotional activities through visually appealing formats. This study aims to: (1) map this phenomenon netnographically; (2) analyze the authenticity, chain of transmission, and interpretation of muttafaqun ‘alaih hadiths on riyāʼ, sum’ah, and concealed deeds; and (3) formulate a Maqāṣid al-Ḥadīth-based evaluative framework for digital worship content. Employing a qualitative library research design, primary data were drawn from Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, and classical hadith commentaries, while 25 worship-related contents on TikTok, Instagram, and YouTube Shorts served as netnographic data. Analysis combined takhrīj, sanad and matan criticism, sharḥ, and descriptive content analysis. Findings reveal that aestheticization is the dominant characteristic of social media worship content, particularly night prayer documentation. The hadith of Jundub bin Abdullah (Bukhari No. 6499; Muslim No. 2987) warns against riyāʼ and sum’ah, while that of Abu Hurairah (Bukhari No. 1423; Muslim No. 1031) upholds the virtue of concealing righteous deeds. Their integration produces a Maqāṣid al-Ḥadīth framework centered on preserving sincerity, spiritual concentration, confidentiality of worship, and the benefit of da’wah. The study concludes that aesthetic worship content cannot be automatically categorized as riyāʼ; its evaluation must weigh religious benefit against the preservation of sincerity as worship’s primary objective.
Abstrak
Perkembangan media sosial telah mengubah praktik keagamaan menjadi ekspresi digital publik, termasuk munculnya konten ibadah estetis yang menampilkan salat, tilawah, sedekah, dan aktivitas religius lainnya dalam format visual yang menarik. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) memetakan fenomena konten ibadah estetis di media sosial secara netnografis; (2) mengkaji autentisitas, sanad, dan syarah hadis-hadis muttafaqun ‘alaih tentang riyāʼ, sum’ah, dan penyembunyian amal; serta (3) merumuskan kerangka evaluasi berbasis Maqāṣid al-Ḥadīth untuk konten ibadah di ruang digital. Penelitian menggunakan desain library research kualitatif yang dipadukan dengan observasi netnografi terhadap 25 konten ibadah pada platform TikTok, Instagram, dan YouTube Shorts. Data primer bersumber dari Ṣaḥīḥ al-Bukhārī, Ṣaḥīḥ Muslim, dan kitab-kitab syarah hadis, sedangkan analisis dilakukan melalui takhrīj, penelitian sanad dan matan, syarah, serta content analysis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa estetisasi ibadah menjadi karakteristik dominan konten keagamaan di media sosial, terutama dokumentasi salat malam. Hadis Jundub bin Abdillah (HR. Bukhari No. 6499; Muslim No. 2987) memperingatkan riyāʼ dan sum’ah, sedangkan hadis Abu Hurairah (HR. Bukhari No. 1423; Muslim No. 1031) menegaskan keutamaan menyembunyikan amal saleh. Integrasinya menghasilkan kerangka Maqāṣid al-Ḥadīth yang berorientasi pada penjagaan keikhlasan, kekhusyukan, kerahasiaan amal, dan kemaslahatan dakwah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa konten ibadah estetis tidak dapat otomatis dikategorikan sebagai riyāʼ, melainkan perlu dievaluasi berdasarkan keseimbangan antara manfaat dakwah dan penjagaan keikhlasan sebagai tujuan utama ibadah.
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